Glossary of Terms
Plain-language definitions of technical terms you might encounter when dealing with your website, a web developer, or a Google report.
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- 301 Redirect
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A permanent instruction that tells browsers and Google: "this page has moved, use the new address from now on." When you change a URL or move to a new domain, a 301 redirect passes the
page's search ranking to the new URL. Without it, the old page returns a 404 error and loses any Google ranking it had.
Why it matters: old links in Google, other websites, or your business cards still work after a site rebuild if 301 redirects are properly set up.
- 302 Redirect
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A temporary redirect — it sends visitors to a different URL but tells Google the original URL is still the real one. Often used incorrectly where a 301 is needed, which causes Google
to continue ranking the original (broken) URL.
Why it matters: many WordPress plugins default to 302 when they should use 301, which can quietly erode a page's search ranking over time.
- 404 Error
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The server response for a page that doesn't exist. Visitors see a "page not found" message. Google sees a dead end. A small number of 404s is normal. A site with dozens of them — often
from deleted pages, changed URLs, or broken internal links — loses crawl budget and damages user experience.
Why it matters: the scan checks for 404s because they're invisible to the site owner but immediately visible to Google and to visitors who click old links.
A
- Accessibility
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How usable a website is for people with disabilities — low vision, colour blindness, motor impairments, or users of screen readers. Google's Lighthouse tool scores accessibility from
0–100. Common failures: images without alt text, poor colour contrast, form fields without labels.
Why it matters: accessibility is increasingly a legal requirement in Canada, and a fully accessible site ranks slightly better than one with known failures.
- Alt Text
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A short text description attached to an image in the HTML code. Screen readers read it aloud. Google reads it to understand what the image shows. Missing alt text is one of the most
common accessibility failures and a missed SEO opportunity.
Why it matters: every image on your site should describe what it shows — "licensed plumber installing water heater in Toronto home" is better than a blank field or a filename.
- Astro
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A modern static site generator used to build fast, secure websites. Unlike WordPress, Astro produces plain HTML files — no database, no plugins, nothing that can be hacked or slow down
over time. It was built specifically for content sites that need to be fast.
Why it matters: all new sites built through TradesAdmin use Astro because it delivers consistently high PageSpeed scores and requires no ongoing maintenance from the site owner.
B
- Broken Link
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A link on your site that points to a page that doesn't exist — either a deleted page on your own site, or a page on another site that has been removed. Broken links return a 404 error.
Why it matters: they frustrate visitors and signal to Google that a site isn't well-maintained. The scan checks every internal link and flags those that return errors.
- Bounce Rate
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The percentage of visitors who leave your site after viewing only one page without taking any action. A high bounce rate on a contractor homepage often indicates slow load time, poor
mobile layout, or missing basic information like a phone number or service area.
Why it matters: it's a symptom — if it's high, something about the first page experience is driving people away before they call.
C
- Cache / Caching
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A saved copy of a web page stored by a browser, server, or plugin so it doesn't have to be rebuilt from scratch on every visit. Caching is one of the primary performance optimisation
techniques. When set up incorrectly, visitors see outdated versions of pages even after changes are made.
Why it matters: WordPress caching plugins are a common source of bugs — a "fixed" page that visitors can't see updated because their browser cached the old version.
- Canonical Tag
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An HTML tag that tells Google which version of a page is the "real" one when the same content is accessible at multiple URLs. Common on sites with URL parameters, paginated content, or
both HTTP and HTTPS versions. Without it, Google may split ranking signals between duplicate URLs.
Why it matters: misconfigured canonical tags are a frequent cause of pages that refuse to rank despite having good content.
- CDN (Content Delivery Network)
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A network of servers spread across multiple locations that delivers your site's files from the server closest to each visitor. A CDN dramatically reduces load time for users far from
your primary server. Cloudflare is the most common free option.
Why it matters: a GTA contractor site without a CDN loads slower for visitors in Mississauga than one with a CDN, even if they're in the same city — the routing is more efficient.
- Click-to-Call
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A phone number on a website coded as a tap-to-dial link (
tel:link) so mobile visitors can call directly without manually dialling. Standard on every professionally-built contractor site.Why it matters: over 60% of contractor site visitors are on mobile. A phone number displayed as plain text — not a link — means friction at the highest-intent moment on your site.
- CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift)
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One of Google's Core Web Vitals. It measures how much the page visually shifts while loading — fonts swapping, images loading late and pushing text down, banners appearing and
reorganising the layout. Measured on a scale where 0 is perfect and anything above 0.1 is flagged.
Why it matters: layout shift is the "page jumped when I was about to click" experience. It's frustrating and Google uses it as a ranking signal.
- CMS (Content Management System)
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Software that lets non-developers manage website content through a browser interface without touching code. WordPress is the most common. Wix and Squarespace are also CMSs, though
hosted rather than self-installed.
Why it matters: a CMS is convenient but adds maintenance overhead — WordPress in particular requires regular plugin updates, security monitoring, and backup management that many contractors neglect.
- Core Web Vitals
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Google's set of three user experience metrics used as ranking signals: LCP (how fast the main content loads), INP (how quickly the page responds to interaction), and CLS (how much the
layout shifts while loading). Google began using these as ranking factors in 2021 and has increased their weight since.
Why it matters: poor Core Web Vitals scores directly suppress a site's ranking in Google search results — it's not just a technical report card, it affects where your site appears.
- Crawl / Crawler
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Googlebot and other search engine crawlers are automated programs that visit websites, read the content, follow links, and report back to the search engine's index. "Crawl budget"
refers to how many pages Google will crawl on your site in a given period.
Why it matters: if Google can't crawl a page — because it's blocked by robots.txt, returns an error, or loads too slowly — it can't index or rank that page.
D
- DNS (Domain Name System)
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The internet's address book. DNS translates a domain name (tradesadmin.ca) into an IP address (a numerical server location) so browsers know where to send visitors. DNS records include
A records (pointing to a server), MX records (for email), CNAME records (aliases), and TXT records (verification and spam prevention).
Why it matters: misconfigured DNS is the most common cause of sites being completely inaccessible, email not delivering, and SSL certificates failing to issue.
- Domain
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The web address you own and pay to register — myplumbingco.ca, for example. A domain registration (typically $15–25/year) gives you the right to use that address for the registration
period. It's separate from hosting.
Why it matters: many contractors don't know who they registered their domain with, which causes problems when the registration expires, when DNS changes are needed, or when a site needs to be rebuilt.
F
- FCP (First Contentful Paint)
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A performance metric measuring how long it takes for the first visible element — text, image, or logo — to appear after a visitor navigates to a page. Measured in seconds. Under 1.8s
is considered good by Google.
Why it matters: it's the first thing a visitor sees. A blank white screen for 4 seconds before anything appears loses the visitor before they've read a word.
G
- GBP (Google Business Profile)
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The listing that appears on Google Maps and in the sidebar of search results when someone searches for your business name or a local service. Formerly called Google My Business. It
includes your address, phone, hours, photos, reviews, and service area.
Why it matters: for contractors, the GBP often generates more calls than the website itself. An unclaimed, unverified, or misconfigured GBP is a direct loss of leads.
- Google Search Console
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A free tool from Google that shows you how your site performs in search — what queries it appears for, which pages are indexed, what errors Google found while crawling, and coverage
issues. Different from Google Analytics, which tracks visitor behaviour after they arrive.
Why it matters: Google Search Console is the authoritative source for knowing whether Google can actually see and rank your pages. Many contractor sites have never been set up in Search Console.
H
- Hosting / Web Host
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A service that stores your website's files on a server and makes them available to visitors 24/7. Common providers include SiteGround, GoDaddy, Bluehost, Kinsta, WP Engine, and
Namecheap. Hosting is separate from your domain.
Why it matters: cheap shared hosting is the single most common cause of slow WordPress sites. The hosting environment sets a ceiling on how fast a site can be, regardless of how well it's optimised.
- HTTPS / SSL Certificate
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HTTPS is the secure version of the HTTP protocol — the "S" stands for secure. An SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate, now actually TLS, is the technical component that enables
HTTPS. It encrypts data between the visitor's browser and the server. Browsers display a padlock icon for HTTPS sites and a "Not Secure" warning for HTTP.
Why it matters: Google has used HTTPS as a ranking signal since 2014. A site without a valid SSL certificate loses ranking and shows browser warnings that drive visitors away before they read the first line.
I
- Index / Indexing
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When Google adds a page to its database of searchable content. A page that isn't indexed can't appear in search results, regardless of how good the content is. Pages can be blocked
from indexing by robots.txt, a noindex tag, a canonical tag pointing elsewhere, or by taking too long to load.
Why it matters: "my site doesn't show on Google" is almost always an indexing problem — the page exists but Google either hasn't found it or was told not to include it.
- INP (Interaction to Next Paint)
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One of Google's Core Web Vitals, introduced in 2024. It measures how quickly a page responds visually to a user interaction — clicking a button, tapping a menu, submitting a form. Poor
INP means the page "freezes" briefly after you interact with it. Under 200ms is considered good.
Why it matters: heavy JavaScript — from ad scripts, chat widgets, and WordPress plugins — is the main cause of poor INP scores.
L
- LCP (Largest Contentful Paint)
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One of Google's Core Web Vitals. It measures how long it takes for the largest visible element on the page — usually the hero image or the main heading — to fully load. Under 2.5
seconds is good. Over 4 seconds is poor and actively suppresses ranking.
Why it matters: LCP is the primary performance metric Google weights most heavily. Oversized images, render-blocking scripts, and slow hosting are the main causes of poor LCP.
- LSA (Local Services Ads)
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Google's pay-per-lead advertising product for local service businesses. Ads appear above regular search ads and organic results, showing a "Google Screened" or "Google Guaranteed"
badge. You pay per qualified lead, not per click. Available for most trade categories in the GTA.
Why it matters: LSAs can generate leads quickly while organic SEO builds over time, but they require a verified GBP and often a background check for the business owner.
M
- Meta Description
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The short paragraph that appears under a page title in Google search results. Not a direct ranking factor, but it affects click-through rate — a well-written meta description that
matches what the searcher was looking for gets more clicks. Maximum 155–160 characters.
Why it matters: most contractor sites have either no meta descriptions or auto-generated ones that say nothing meaningful. Every page with a custom meta description is an opportunity to get more clicks from the same ranking position.
- Mobile-First Indexing
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Google's approach since 2019 of using the mobile version of a page as the primary version for indexing and ranking — even for desktop searches. If your site looks fine on desktop but
is broken on mobile, Google is ranking the broken version.
Why it matters: sites built 5–10 years ago were often designed for desktop first. Mobile-first indexing means those sites are ranked on their worst version.
N
- NAP Citations
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Name, Address, Phone — the consistent set of business contact details that appear across online directories (Yelp, Yellow Pages, HomeStars, BBB, etc.), your website, and your GBP.
Google cross-references these listings to verify that a business is legitimate and located where it claims.
Why it matters: inconsistent NAP — different phone numbers on different directories, an old address that hasn't been updated, a business name that varies by listing — confuses Google and weakens local search ranking. Every discrepancy is a trust signal working against you.
P
- PageSpeed Insights (PSI)
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Google's free tool that analyses a web page's performance and returns scores from 0–100 for Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, and SEO. The Performance score specifically
measures Core Web Vitals (LCP, INP, CLS) alongside other speed metrics. Scores below 50 are flagged red by Google.
Why it matters: the PSI score is the most direct measure of how Google perceives your site's user experience. It's the first thing checked in every scan.
R
- Redirect Chain
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A sequence of redirects where URL A redirects to URL B, which redirects to URL C, and so on. Each hop in the chain adds load time and dilutes the ranking signal passed from one URL to
the next. Google recommends no more than one redirect between any two URLs.
Why it matters: redirect chains are common after site rebuilds or platform migrations where old redirects weren't cleaned up. They're invisible to site owners but measurable by crawlers and performance tools.
- robots.txt
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A text file at the root of every website (yoursite.com/robots.txt) that tells search engine crawlers which pages or sections they're allowed to crawl. Incorrectly configured robots.txt
files that block the entire site are a well-documented cause of WordPress sites disappearing from Google overnight — usually after a setting is toggled by mistake in WordPress's
Reading settings.
Why it matters: it's a one-line mistake that can deindex an entire site. Worth checking if pages suddenly vanish from Google.
S
- Schema Markup
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Structured data added to a page's HTML that tells Google explicitly what the content means — not just the words, but the context. Schema types used on contractor sites include
LocalBusiness, Service, FAQPage, and Review. Google uses schema to display rich results (star ratings, FAQ dropdowns, business details) directly in search results.
Why it matters: a page with LocalBusiness schema and accurate service area data gives Google a clear, machine-readable signal of what the business is and where it operates — which directly supports local search ranking.
- SERP (Search Engine Results Page)
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The page Google displays after a search query. A SERP typically includes ads at the top, a local map pack for location-based queries, and organic results. "Ranking on the first page of
the SERP" means appearing in the organic results without paying for ads.
Why it matters: the goal of technical SEO, content, and GBP optimisation is to appear in the SERP for the searches your customers are doing — "emergency plumber Toronto," "HVAC repair Mississauga," etc.
- Sitemap
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An XML file (yoursite.com/sitemap.xml) that lists every page on your site with its URL and last-modified date. Submitting a sitemap to Google Search Console tells Google what pages
exist and helps it crawl them more efficiently.
Why it matters: a sitemap doesn't guarantee indexing, but it removes any excuse for Google not finding your pages. A site without a submitted sitemap is leaving discovery to chance.
- SSL Certificate
- See HTTPS / SSL Certificate above.
T
- Title Tag
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The HTML element that defines a page's title as it appears in browser tabs and in Google search results. One of the strongest on-page SEO signals. Each page should have a unique title
tag that includes the primary keyword and location. Maximum 60–65 characters.
Why it matters: a title tag that reads "Home" or "Welcome" tells Google and searchers nothing about what the page is. "Emergency Plumber in Toronto — Licenced, Available 24/7" tells both exactly what they need to know.
U
- Uptime
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The percentage of time a website is accessible to visitors. 99.9% uptime means the site is down for less than 9 hours per year. Cheap shared hosting frequently delivers 98–99% uptime,
which translates to 2–4 days of downtime annually.
Why it matters: a site that's down when a homeowner searches for an emergency plumber at 11pm has failed at its one job. Monitoring alerts when a site goes offline so downtime is caught and resolved quickly.
W
- Web Host / Hosting
- See Hosting above.
- WordPress
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The most widely used CMS in the world, powering approximately 40% of all websites. It's free to install but requires hosting, regular plugin updates, security monitoring, and backups
to maintain safely. The majority of GTA contractor sites are on WordPress.
Why it matters: WordPress's flexibility comes with maintenance overhead that many contractors don't budget for or know about. Neglected WordPress installs — outdated plugins, no backups, weak passwords — are the most common source of hacked contractor sites.